在Android开发中,View是我们必须要接触的用来展示的技术.通常情况下随着View视图的越来越复杂,整体布局的性能也会随之下降.这里介绍一个在某些场景下提升布局性能的View,它就是ViewStub.
ViewStub是什么
- ViewStub是View的子类
- 它不可见,大小为0
- 用来延迟加载布局资源
注,关于Stub的解释
A stub is a small program routine that substitutes for a longer program, possibly to be loaded later or that is located remotely
在Java中,桩是指用来代替关联代码或者未实现代码的代码.
ViewStub使用场景
如上图所示,
- 一个ListView包含了诸如 新闻,商业,科技 等Item
- 每个Item又包含了各自对应的子话题,
- 但是子话题的View(蓝色区域)只有在点击展开按钮才真正需要加载.
- 如果默认加载子话题的View,则会造成内存的占用和CPU的消耗
所以,这时候就ViewStub就派上用处了.使用ViewStub可以延迟加载布局资源.
ViewStub 怎么用
1.在布局文件中使用ViewStub标签
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <RelativeLayout
- xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- tools:context="com.droidyue.viewstubsample.MainActivity">
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/clickMe"
- android:text="Hello World!"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
-
- <ViewStub
- android:id="@+id/myViewStub"
- android:inflatedId="@+id/myInflatedViewId"
- android:layout="@layout/include_merge"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_below="@id/clickMe"
- />
- </RelativeLayout>
2.在代码中inflate布局
- ViewStub myViewStub = (ViewStub)findViewById(R.id.myViewStub);
- if (myViewStub != null) {
- myViewStub.inflate();
- //或者是下面的形式加载
- //myViewStub.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
- }
关于ViewStub的事
- 除了 inflate 方法外,我们还可以调用 setVisibility() 方法加载布局文件
- 一旦加载布局完成后,ViewStub会从当前布局层级中删除
- android:id 指定ViewStub ID,用于查找ViewStub进行延迟加载
- android:layout 延迟加载布局的资源id
- android:inflatedId 加载的布局被重写的id,这里为RelativeLayout的id
ViewStub的不足
官方的文档中有这样一段描述
Note: One drawback of ViewStub is that it doesn’t currently support the tag in the layouts to be inflated.
意思是ViewStub不支持 标签.
关于不支持 标签的程度,我们进行一个简单的验证
验证一:直接 标签
如下,我们有布局文件名为merge_layout.xml
- <merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
-
- <Button android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="Yes"/>
-
- <Button android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="No"/>
-
- </merge>
替换对应的ViewStub的android:layout属性值之后,运行后(点击Button按钮)得到产生了如下的崩溃
- E AndroidRuntime: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #1: <merge /> can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:551)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:429)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.ViewStub.inflate(ViewStub.java:259)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.droidyue.viewstubsample.MainActivity$1.onClick(MainActivity.java:20)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5697)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.widget.TextView.performClick(TextView.java:10815)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22526)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:158)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7237)
- E AndroidRuntime: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1230)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1120)
- E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: android.view.InflateException: <merge /> can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:491)
- E AndroidRuntime: ... 13 more
可见,直接的 标签,ViewStub是不支持的.
验证二 间接的ViewStub
下面布局间接使用了merge标签.文件名为 include_merge.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <include layout="@layout/merge_layout"/>
- </LinearLayout>
然后修改ViewStub的 android:layout 值,运行,一切正常.
除此之外,本例也验证了ViewStub也是对 标签支持良好的.
关于ViewStub的一点代码剖析
inflate vs setVisibility
inflate和setVisibility的共同点是都可以实现加载布局
- /** * When visibility is set to {@link #VISIBLE} or {@link #INVISIBLE},
- * {@link #inflate()} is invoked and this StubbedView is replaced in its parent
- * by the inflated layout resource.
- *
- * @param visibility One of {@link #VISIBLE}, {@link #INVISIBLE}, or {@link #GONE}.
- *
- * @see #inflate()
- */
- @Override
- public void setVisibility(int visibility) {
- if (mInflatedViewRef != null) {
- View view = mInflatedViewRef.get();
- if (view != null) {
- view.setVisibility(visibility);
- } else {
- throw new IllegalStateException("setVisibility called on un-referenced view");
- }
- } else {
- super.setVisibility(visibility);
- if (visibility == VISIBLE || visibility == INVISIBLE) {
- inflate();
- }
- }
- }
setVisibility只是在ViewStub第一次延迟初始化时,并且visibility是非 GONE 时,调用了 inflate 方法.
inflate源码
通过阅读下面的inflate方法实现,我们将更加理解
- android:inflatedId的用途
- ViewStub在初始化后从视图层级中移除
- ViewStub的layoutParameters应用
- mInflatedViewRef通过弱引用形式,建立ViewStub与加载的View的联系.
- /** * Inflates the layout resource identified by {@link #getLayoutResource()}
- * and replaces this StubbedView in its parent by the inflated layout resource.
- *
- * @return The inflated layout resource.
- *
- */
- public View inflate() {
- final ViewParent viewParent = getParent();
-
- if (viewParent != null && viewParent instanceof ViewGroup) {
- if (mLayoutResource != 0) {
- final ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) viewParent;
- final LayoutInflater factory = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
- final View view = factory.inflate(mLayoutResource, parent,
- false);
-
- if (mInflatedId != NO_ID) {
- view.setId(mInflatedId);
- }
-
- final int index = parent.indexOfChild(this);
- parent.removeViewInLayout(this);
-
- final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = getLayoutParams();
- if (layoutParams != null) {
- parent.addView(view, index, layoutParams);
- } else {
- parent.addView(view, index);
- }
-
- mInflatedViewRef = new WeakReference<View>(view);
-
- if (mInflateListener != null) {
- mInflateListener.onInflate(this, view);
- }
-
- return view;
- } else {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("ViewStub must have a valid layoutResource");
- }
- } else {
- throw new IllegalStateException("ViewStub must have a non-null ViewGroup viewParent");
- }
- }